C++ OPERATOR - What is? -

Operators are symbols used to be involved in the program to do surgery or manipulation.

example:

a = b + c * d / 4

                 a, b, c, d à disebut operand

                 =, +, *, /  à disebut operator

arithmetic operators:

Operator	Description	Example
+	Add	m + n
-	Substract	m – n
*	Multiply	m * n
/	Divide	m / n
%	Modulus	m % n
-	Negat	-m

Operators such as negation operator (-) is called a unary operator, as it requires only a single operand

example:

1. #include <iostream>
2. 
   
3. using namespace std;
4. 
   
5. main()
6. {
7.  int m = 82, n = 26;
8.  cout<<m<<" + "<<n<<" = "<<m+n<<endl;
9.  cout<<m<<" - "<<n<<" = "<<m-n<<endl;
10.  cout<<m<<" * "<<n<<" = "<<m*n<<endl;
11.  cout<<m<<" / "<<n<<" = "<<m/n<<endl;
12.  cout<<m<<" % "<<n<<" = "<<m%n<<endl;
13.  cout<<"-"<<m<<" = "<<-m<<endl;
14. }

Output:
82 + 26 = 108
82 - 26 = 56
82 * 26 = 2132
82 / 26 = 3
82 % 26 = 4
-82 = -82


Because the data type is int, then 82/26 = 3, in order to represent the actual values​​, use the float data type.

Another way of writing using arithmetic operators:

m = m + n       ó        m += n

m = m - n        ó        m -= n

m = m * n       ó        m *= n

m = m / n        ó        m /= n

m = m % n     ó        m %= n

INCREMENT DAN DECREMENT OPERATOR: 

Operator increment  à ++

Operator decrement à --

Example:

1. #include <iostream>
2. 
   
3. using namespace std;
4. 
   
5. main()
6. {
7.    int m = 44, n = 66;
8.    cout<<”m = “<<m<<”, n = “<<n<<endl;
9.    ++m; --n;
10.    cout<<”m = “<<m<<”, n = “<<n<<endl;
11.    m++; n--;
12.    cout<<”m = “<<m<<”, n = “<<n<<endl;
13.    return 0;
14. }

Output : 

m = 44, n = 66

m = 45, n = 65

m = 46, n = 64

It appears that the operator pre-increment and post-increment has the same effect, namely the one at m manambah value and add it back to m (m = m +1). The same thing also happened on the carrier pre-decrement and post-decrement that gives the same result, which is to reduce the value of one of the n (n = n - 1).

But when used as a sub-expression, post-increment operator and pre-increment showed different results

example:

1. #include <iostream>
2. 
   
3. using namespace std;
4. 
   
5. main()
6. {
7.    int m = 66, n ;
8. n = ++m;
9.    cout<<"m = "<<m<<", n = "<<n<<endl;
10. n = m++;
11.    cout<<"m = "<<m<<", n = "<<n<<endl;
12.    cout<<"m = "<<m++<<endl;
13. cout<<"m = "<<m<<endl;
14.    cout<<"m = "<<++m<<endl;
15. return 0;
16. }

Output: 

m = 67, n = 67

m = 68, n = 67

m = 68

m = 69

m = 70

explanation:

In the first assignment, m is pre-increment, raising its value to 67, which is then put into n. In the second assignment, m is post-increment, so 67 is inserted into the first m n then its value is increased, which is why the value of m = 68 and n = 67. In the third assignment, m is post-increment, so that the value of m (= 68) displayed first (on the screen) and then the value of m raised to 69. In the fourth assignment, m is the pre-increment, so that the value of m is raised first to 70 and then displayed on the screen.

To be more aware, notice the example below.

1. #include <iostream>
2. 
   
3. using namespace std;
4. 
   
5. main()
6. {
7.    int m = 5, n;
8.    n = ++m * --m;
9.    cout<<"m = "<<m<<", n = "<<n<<endl;
10.    cout<<++m<<” “<<++m<<” “<<++m<<endl;
11.    return 0;
12. }

Output: 

m = 5, n = 25

8 7 6

explanation:

In assignment for n, m first increased (+ + m) to 6.

M then lowered back to 5, because of --m. So that m present value is 5 and the value of m = 5 is evaluated at the time of assignment multiplication done.

In the last line, the three sub-expressions are evaluated from right to left

BITWISE OPERATOR

Operator	Deskripsi	Contoh
<<	Geser n bit ke kiri ( left shift )	m << n
>>	Geser n bit ke kanan ( right shift )	m >> n
&	Bitwise AND	m & n
|	Bitwise OR	m | n
^	Bitwise XOR	m ^ n
~	Bitwise NOT	~m

The whole bitwise operators can only apply to operands of type int or char

Here is given the truth table for logical operators

P = A operator B

AND	OR
A B P 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 1	A B P 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1
XOR
A B P 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 0

Example:

1. #include <iostream>
2. using namespace std;
3. main()
4. {
5.  int m = 82, n = 26;
6.  cout<<m<<" << 2"<<" = "<<(m<<2)<<endl;
7.  cout<<m<<" >> 2"<<" = "<<(m>>2)<<endl;
8.  cout<<m<<" & "<<n<<" = "<<(m&n)<<endl;
9.  cout<<m<<" | "<<n<<" = "<<(m|n)<<endl;
10.  cout<<m<<" ^ "<<n<<" = "<<(m^n)<<endl;
11.  cout<<"~"<<m<<" = "<<~m<<endl;
12.  }

Output:

82 << 2 = 328

82 >> 2 = 20

82 & 26 = 18

82 | 26 = 90

82 ^ 26 = 72

~82 = 83

explanation:

Output value of the above, depending on the type of the compiler used. The results of the above is the output of the Turbo C + + compiler.

In Turbo C + + is an integer greater than or equal to 2 bytes of 16 bit, to know to use the command

cout << sizeof (int) << endl; / / To know of the int

Another way of writing using bitwise operators:

m = m << n    ó        m <<= n

m = m >> n    ó        m >>= n

m = m & n      ó        m &= n

m = m | n        ó        m |= n

m = m ^ n       ó        m ^= n                          

OPERATOR RELATIONSHIP

Relational operators are used to compare two values​​. This operator is used in instruction branching.

Operator	Deskripsi
==	same with ( not assignment )
!=	Not same with
>	Greater Than
<	Smaller Than
>=	Greater Than or Same With
<=	Smaller Than or Same With

Example:

1. #include <iostream>
2. using namespace std;
3. main()
4. {
5.    int m = 5, n =7;
6.    if(m == n) cout<<m<<” same with ”<<n<<endl;
7.    else  if(m != n) cout<<m<<” not same with ”<<n<<endl;
8.    else  if(m > n) cout<<m<<” greater than ”<<n<<endl;
9.    else  if(m < n) cout<<m<<” smaller than ”<<n<<endl;
10.    return 0;
11. }

Output:

5 smaller than 7

 LOGIC OPERATOR

Logical operators are used to connect two or more expressions into a conditional expression.

Operator	Deskripsi	Contoh
&&	logic AND	m && n
||	logic OR	m ||n
!	logic NOT	!m

example:

1. #include <iostream>
2. main()
3. using namespace std;
4. {
5.    int m = 166;
6.    cout<<”(m>=0 && m<=150) à “<<(m>=0 && m<=150)<<endl;
7.    cout<<”(m>=0 || m<=150) à “<<(m>=0 || m<=150)<<endl;
8. }

Output:

(m>=0 && m<=150) à 0

(m>=0 || m<=150) à 1

explanation:

Results / outputs of the logical operators are 0 and 1.

0 if output is false and 1 if the output is correct.

OPERATOR CONDITION

Operator conditions used to obtain the value of the two possible

condition1? condition2: condition3

When condition1 true value, then its value is equal to ungkapan2, if not then it is equal to condition3

example:

1. #include <iostream>
2. using namespace std;
3. main()
4. {
5.    int m = 26, n = 82;
6.    int min = m < n ? m : n;
7.    cout<<”Smaller Integer is “<<min<<endl;
8.    return 0;
9. }

Output:

Smaller Integer is